JEE Advanced: History, Structure, and Key Information - A Comprehensive Guide

 

JEE Advanced: History, Structure, and Key Information - A Comprehensive Guide

The Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Advanced is one of the most prestigious and competitive exams in India, determining the admission of students to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs). Conducted annually, this exam attracts thousands of aspirants aiming for a coveted spot in the IITs. The complexity, rigorous selection process, and high stakes make JEE Advanced a subject of much interest for both students and education enthusiasts.

In this blog, we will explore the detailed history, evolution, structure, important facts, and statistics about JEE Advanced, providing a comprehensive understanding of the exam.

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1. History of JEE Advanced

The history of JEE Advanced is intertwined with the history of India's premier engineering institutions—the IITs. Initially, students were admitted to the IITs through a system that didn’t require a separate exam, but over time, the demand for a more structured and fair system led to the establishment of a nationwide examination.

Pre-JEE Advanced Era

• 1951: The first Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) entrance examination was conducted by IIT Kharagpur.
• 1961: The IITs started their common entrance exam, initially known as the Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE).
• 1990: The IIT-JEE became a unified examination for all IITs across India.

Formation of JEE Advanced

• 2006: The IIT-JEE was split into two phases—JEE Main (initial screening) and JEE Advanced (final selection for IITs). The exam was made more challenging to select the best minds for IITs.
• 2013: The Indian government introduced the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), and JEE Advanced was revamped to serve as the final examination for IIT admissions. JEE Advanced continues to be a two-part exam that evaluates students on their conceptual understanding of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics.

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2. Structure of JEE Advanced

JEE Advanced is one of the most difficult undergraduate entrance exams in India. It consists of two papers: Paper 1 and Paper 2. The format of both papers has evolved over the years, and while the core concepts have remained the same, the way questions are structured has undergone changes to improve fairness and difficulty.

Exam Format:

Aspect	Details
Exam Mode	Online (Computer-Based Test)
Duration	3 hours per paper (6 hours total)
Number of Papers	2 (Paper 1 & Paper 2)
Subjects	Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics
Question Type	Objective (Multiple Choice & Integer-type)
Total Marks	360 marks (180 marks per paper)

Both papers are divided into three sections:

1. Physics (Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Optics, etc.)
2. Chemistry (Physical, Organic, Inorganic)
3. Mathematics (Algebra, Calculus, Coordinate Geometry)

Each paper tests the candidate’s logical reasoning, problem-solving ability, and conceptual understanding of subjects. Paper 1 and Paper 2 are held on the same day, and candidates are required to attempt both.

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3. Changes in JEE Advanced Format Over the Years

JEE Advanced has undergone several changes to make the exam more comprehensive, transparent, and challenging.

Year	Change Introduced
2013	Introduction of a two-paper format, which replaced the single paper model.
2015	Online exam format introduced; candidates had to take the test on computers rather than paper.
2018	Implementation of negative marking for multiple-choice questions to discourage guessing.
2020	The exam was conducted in two shifts (morning and evening) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, marking a shift in logistics.
2022	The introduction of more integrated questions requiring students to combine concepts from multiple subjects.

These changes reflect an ongoing effort to make JEE Advanced not only more competitive but also more representative of a student’s in-depth understanding of concepts.

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4. Key Statistics and Data for JEE Advanced

JEE Advanced has always been a highly competitive exam with a vast number of aspirants. Let’s break down some key data about JEE Advanced over the years.

Number of Candidates Appearing for JEE Advanced

The number of students appearing for JEE Advanced has steadily increased, in line with the growing number of IITs and seats available.

Year	Number of Candidates	Number of IITs	Seats Available in IITs
2015	1.2 million	16	10,000
2017	1.5 million	23	13,000
2020	1.5 million	23	16,000
2023	2 million	23	16,000+

Cut-off Trends for JEE Advanced

The minimum qualifying marks for JEE Advanced are determined by the exam’s difficulty level and the number of candidates. The overall cutoff typically ranges between 30-40% of the total marks.

Year	Cut-off for General Category	Cut-off for OBC	Cut-off for SC/ST
2020	288/396	259/396	144/396
2021	214/360	192/360	106/360
2022	230/360	202/360	115/360
2023	202/360	179/360	99/360

As we can see, the cut-off marks have fluctuated due to varying difficulty levels of the exam and the number of candidates who qualify.

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5. Admission Process After JEE Advanced

After the results of JEE Advanced are declared, the Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA) conducts the seat allocation process for admission into the IITs, NITs, IIITs, and GFTIs.

Steps in the Admission Process:

1. Result Declaration: The JEE Advanced results are typically declared in mid-June.
2. Counseling and Seat Allotment: Candidates are invited to participate in JoSAA counseling based on their rank.
3. Document Verification: Candidates have to submit documents for verification.
4. Final Allotment: Seats are allocated based on merit and category rank, considering the available vacancies.

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6. Why JEE Advanced is So Challenging

JEE Advanced is often considered one of the most difficult entrance exams in the world, and several factors contribute to its reputation:

• Conceptual Difficulty: The questions often require students to apply multiple concepts from different areas of study.
• Negative Marking: Incorrect answers in multiple-choice questions result in a deduction of marks, which discourages guesswork.
• Time Pressure: Despite having a 3-hour window for each paper, the exam requires quick decision-making and problem-solving.
• Competition: With only about 16,000-17,000 seats available across all IITs and millions of students competing for them, the exam is inherently competitive.

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7. Future of JEE Advanced

Looking ahead, JEE Advanced will continue to evolve, focusing on the following:

• Increased Integration with Technology: The use of AI and machine learning may allow more personalized assessments.
• Emphasis on Mental Health: With the increasing pressures of the exam, there could be a focus on reducing mental stress for candidates.
• More Accessible Options: As India strives for a more inclusive education system, there could be improvements in the accessibility of learning resources for students from underprivileged backgrounds.

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Conclusion

JEE Advanced, with its rich history, rigorous structure, and immense prestige, stands as the gateway to India’s finest engineering institutes. The journey from preparation to the final result is a challenging yet rewarding experience for every aspirant. With advancements in technology and changes in exam formats, JEE Advanced continues to evolve, offering new challenges and opportunities for students to excel. By understanding the history, structure, and statistics of JEE Advanced, candidates can better prepare themselves for one of the toughest entrance exams in India.

With a deep understanding of JEE Advanced, students can approach their preparation with a clearer mindset, making informed decisions and increasing their chances of success in this competitive environment.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW!

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW!

“Intellectual Property is a key aspect for economic development- Craig Venter”.

In ancient times India was known as ‘The Golden Sparrow’. It means that at the time India was a prosperous and developed country. Here the economy was mainly based on simple living, hard work and mutual brotherhood. Sufficient food grains were obtained from fertile land and cottage and rural industries made their living easy. Trade was done on large scale with people that, the state and villages were happy and prosperous. In ancient times under economic development along with materialistic facilities human values were also given important place. The great thinker, Kautilya, described these thoughts in detail in his book ‘Arthshastra’. 

According to classical economist Adam Smith, economic development has been defined as increase in goods and services of a country. Karl Marx considered economic development as the establishment of socialism J.S. Mill’s opinion about economic development is totally different. He considered economic development as to follow the principle of cooperation for welfare of people and economic development. Among the new economists Paul Albert considers economic development as the increase in real national income by use of all productive resources NY a country. While I’m the opinion of Williamson and Bustricks- development is the increase in the per capita income of the people of a country.

Economic planning-

Economic planning is a process in which economic resources are used to obtain some clear and defined aims in a specified period of time. Thus it can be said that two things are essential in economic planning such as 

1. Pre decided aims which have to be accomplished.

2. Description of the use of available resources to obtain the pre determined aims.

In economic planning the government decides how will the economic resources be utilized for the maximum satisfaction of the society. The economic resources of the country are estimate before planning.

Planning in India and aims of planning-

After the independence, in order to Make plans for the country and planning commission was set up on 15th March 1950, for the country. In India the national leaders and experts emphasized on the need of construction of the nation before achieving independence. In 1934, Sir Vishweshvarya presented a ten years plan for the economic development and reconstruction of India for the first time. After that in 1944 The Bombay plan by the major industrialists of the country and The Gandhian Plan (Gandhiwadi Yojana) by Shriman Narayan was presented, but these plans could not implemented due to some practical reasons.

Indicators of development-

Gross national income is accepted as measure to compare the level of development between different countries for a long period of time. Professor Morris developed a physical quality of the life index (or PQLI) in this direction. Similarly, Professor Paul Streetan emphasized on accepting the basic need approach. In the year 1990 United nations organization “Human Development Indicator or Index” by giving absolute form, to these thoughts. After this, these indicators of economic development were published in the reports of Human Development Indicators. Both physical and non physical factors are included in Human Development Index. Gross domestic product such as physical factor and child mortality rate, life expectancy and educational achievements as non physical factors are included in it.

Tenure/ Duration of various five years plan in India-

From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). 

NTSE STAGE 2 POSTPONED: NEW DATES TO BE ANNOUNCED ON 24TH OCTOBER 2021

 NTSE STAGE 2 POSTPONED: NEW DATES TO BE ANNOUNCED ON 24^TH

OCTOBER 2021

NCERT officials have confirmed that NTSE will be postponed and thus, not be conducted on 24^th October 2021.

According to the information provided by NCERT Professor and Head, Dr. Indrani S Bhadhuri, NTSE 2020-21 Stage 2 exam was scheduled on 24^th October, 2021. The admit cards were released on 8^th October and the students were hoping that NTSE will be conducted on right time this year. But now, the NCERT officials have confirmed that NTSE will be postponed and thus, not be conducted on 24^th October 2021.

Reasons why NTSE got postponed:-

1.    75% of the districts in Kerala are under red or orange alert due to massive and unexpected floods. The exam center Kendriya Vidyalaya, Thiruvananthapuram is itself a victim of floods as water logging has occurred in that area.

2.    In Uttarakhand, students from off districts like Chamoli have no access to reach Dehradun, the only exam center in the state due to heavy landslides in the state.

3.    Admit Cards of many students from Tripura, Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir and Meghalaya have yet not been uploaded on official website. The candidates were asked to get a photocopy of blank admit card in the exams, which was causing a lot of problem.

     NCERT officials have confirmed that NTSE will be postponed and thus, not be conducted on 24^th October 2021.

New Dates of NTSE Stage 2:-

The expected dates for NTSE stage 2 are either 7^th November or 14^th November. The NCERT officials said, keeping in accordance with KVPY (Kishor Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojna), if exam is conducted on 7^th November. The NCERT officials said that they are trying to conduct the exam as soon as possible due to TERM-1 exams of various education boards, including CBSE. Physics HOD of Aakash Institute recommended students to focus on JEE and NEET preparation, because most of questions in NTSE stage 2 generally belong to topics coming in Term-1 exams of class 11. NCERT officials have scheduled an urgent press conference on Thursday 10 AM, we are expecting them to release the new dates of NTSE stage-2.

INVESTMENT IN INDIA - BOON OR BANE?

An investment in a developing country (like India) is must for its economic growth. It could be foreign or natives. A foreign investment is an investment in a form of a controlling business in mutual consent with government. Presently India is known as the most important player in the global economy. Initially China was a manufacturing hub but due the outbreak of COVID-19 the big companies started pulling off their set ups and that time India appeared a promising land to them. Rather many international companies on request of the Indian government visited many places in India, and the best example is Tesla. Foreign investments bring economic growth to the country and also enhance the employment. They are more or less impressed by the ways and policies of the government in handling their own native investors who are the backbone of the country. But in these recent days we came to know about Mr. Adar Poona Walla, CEO of SII (serum institute of India) biggest vaccine manufacturer in the world. He had done so much for the country in its toughest time in 2019 when COVID-19 first appeared in India. He came up with lifesaving indigenous vaccine and its allocation is totally under central governments hand he cannot distribute vaccine on his own. But to his dismay he got threatening calls from the riches and goons demanding vaccine unethically. This immense pressure made him flew to London to save his life. Didn’t he feel secure in his own country? Probably yes! This entire incidence was narrated by Mr.Poonawalla to a journalist in London. The question here is how the foreign investors would ever believe our system and policies, how would they feel protected when our very own tycoon has left India and is coming up with a new set up in another company. Are we demeaning our own image by setting an example like this? 

"WHEN YOU RESPECT YOURSELF, THEN OTHERS WILL ALSO RESPECT YOU."

We should always follow this mantra to be successful.

This article has been submitted by:-

Vaanya Meherda – VII Grade

MGD School, Jaipur

Pakistan stole Lakshadweep Islands from India - Know How?

Out here in the Indian Ocean, there is a lot of emptiness. But if you scan long enough….you will see something right here. Between The Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent. You’ll see a cluster of incredibly remote bits of land, Hardly peeking out of the ocean. This is the Lakshadweep Archipelago, spread over 36 islands. Half a thousand kilometres from any landmass. And today this chain of archipelago belongs to The Republic of India. But in the year 1947, the newly created nation of Pakistan out of Indian Subcontinent tried to steal these tropical Islands from India. 

Before we start Lets look in the history of the Indian Subcontinent. And how the Race to this archipelago began at first place. After WW2, the UN had been founded and one of the first things that it undertook. Was decolonizing the map basically getting all these empires to wind down their rule over their colonies. So the British started leaving much of its territory abroad downsizing its empire. So, when the British left India, British divided India into the dominion of India and a separate dominion of Pakistan for Muslims. But the British also created the third dominion, the dominion of 565 princely States. And these 565 princely states were given the option either to join the dominion of India or dominion of Pakistan. And these create a race between the two countries to merge these states,such as Jammu and Kashmir, Patiala, Jodhpur, kalad, Bhopal, Hyderabad so on. Such one of the state was the islands of Lakshadweep. And in between these races of annexation, The Lakshadweep Islands lies in the Arabian Sea just north of the Maldives. The History of the Lakshadweep and the ethnicity of its populace are closely linked to the neighboring regions of Kerala and the Maldives. This gives the Islands a unique character and according to two-nation theory, it had more likelyhood of becoming part of pakistan. Hence, the newly formed Government of Pakistan, the Liaquat Ali Khan administration did try to make this remote and tropical archipelago a southern extension of Pakistan in the Indian Ocean. The exact dates are not confirmed but sometimes at the end of August 1947, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan ordered the Royal Pakistan Navy to send a warship to Lakshadweep south from Karachi. The distance between Karachi and the islands are 1,726 kilometers, a couple of days’ sailing. And on reaching Lakshadweep, the Pakistan Navy would raise the Pakistani flag to annex the islands and set up an airport to establish a connection between Lakshadweep and Karachi. So, the Royal navy of Pakistan left the port of Karachi for The Islands of Lakshadweep. And in the mind of Pakistani leaders these will be a quick and easy victory.And New Delhi will not be able to do anything for these islands. Hence, the race for Lakshadweep began. Mean While in New Delhi. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the then Deputy Prime Minister of independent India in charge of Home as well as States Ministry. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel who got the Intel regarding Pakistan Navy left Karachi Port and the warship was heading for South in the Indian Ocean.So on getting this information Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel got worried about these Pakistani warships. But Soon he Realized that they were heading for Lakshadweep islands. And because of the partition of India, The India army was not completely reorganized and the army was 2000 km north of the islands. Seeing the situation of gravity,Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel had sent an SOS message to Mudaliar brothers to convey the collector of Travancore (Today’s Kerala) to instruct the police officials and the employees to go to Lakshadweep with whatever arms were with them. His instruction was to take possession of the islands 500km west to the border and hoist the Indian national flag there. “If the police forces have no firearms with them, they can take lathis with them but somehow take possession of the area.” So once the information reached to Kochi, Kerala from New Delhi. The two Indian Policemen went on a boat to Lakshadweep, to complete their mission. They knew that they were going against an armed, Pakistani Warship and Pakistani navy was just a hundred kilometers away from Lakshadweep. Once, The two Indian Policemen reached the island's capital, they were looking for the Pakistani presence on the island, seeing no presence of Pakistani on the island of Kavaratti. The Indian policemen raced from the beaches to Kavaratti’s port to hoist the Indian tricolour.  And the race to the archipelago was over! And India won the Race. But now the question was can these two Indian Policemen will be able to defend themselves against the armed Pakistani Warship over the horizon. Answer was NO! So how these two Indian policemen were able to save Lakshadweep from Pakistani navy? Soon after the flag-raising ceremony, they found a warship with Pakistan flag and Pakistani Marking sailing towards Lakshadweep with the intention to take over the Muslim majority the area in the Arabian Sea. But the Pakistani dream to capture Lakshadweep was shattered after they watch the Indian National Flag and as the Pakistani Captain of the warship feared the heavy presence of Indian Navy and Indian Army and in order to avoid an armed conflict. Pakistani Warship preferred to take a U-turn and sail back to Karachi home base empty-handed. And for the promptness in the action on the Indian side. Either wise the strategic area of Lakshadweep must have been part of Pakistan forever. And this was the story of how Pakistan tried to steal Indian Islands.

FOUR BEST DEMOCRATIC RULERS IN INDIAN HISTORY

Hemu:- King Hemu, also known as Hemu Vikramaditya, was the Chief Minister and General in the court of Adil Shah Suri of the Suri dynasty. He was an excellent strategist & was remarkably skilled in warfare. At the time when there were Mughal forces all around him, and the Afghans were an added threat to the North of India, he valiantly fought battles for his king. His dauntless attitude won him twenty-two battles, securing a unique position in the Suri dynasty. Moreover, according to Abu'l-Fazl, Hemu undertook all appointments and dismissals, and the distribution of justice in the Adil Shah's court, displaying that he was an incredible administrator. He took the title of 'King' after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces in the Battle of Delhi. Unbeknownst to him, he fought against the Mughal forces once again in the Second Battle of Panipat. The war, unfortunately, led to the demise of Hemu by the hands of Akbar's regent, Bairam Khan. Hemu's forces were indeed on the brink of victory but due to his blinding by a stray arrow, he was arrested. Had Hemu won, the Mughal dynasty would not be as we know it today. His victory would have led to the end of Mughals and India would have been ruled by its own people on the principles of equality. Historians also believe that Hemu's warfare strategies inspired Mughals to such an extent that they henceforth started using elephants in their cavalry. 

Razia Sultan:- An awe-inspiring woman, she was the first and the only female Muslim ruler of South Asia. She was the daughter of Iltutmish and had many brothers, who challenged her succession to the throne. She ruled Delhi for a year in her father's absence and did such a commendable job that upon returning, she was decreed the heir to the throne. Her father, when questioned for his choice, said that Razia was more capable than his sons. However, after the death of Iltutmish, her half brother was declared the ruler by the nobles who refused to be ruled by a female. She decided to fight for her rights and led an uprising against her half-brother. The locals & the common folk declared her as their ruler and thus, she ascended the throne. At first, she remained in 'purdah' and had female security, but later, progressed to wearing armour like males. She also held parades, rode elephants and led her armies in battles. Her bold choices and decisions further irked the high nobles. She also brought about significant changes in her court. Time and again, she demonstrated that she was not just an impressive administrator but also a tactical leader who was beloved by her subjects. 

Samudragupta:- Samudragupta was the greatest king of a time, which has often been referred to as the Golden Age of Indian History by chroniclers due to the advancement of art and literature, the Gupta period. He ascended the throne after his father, Chandragupta-I in 335 A.D. The detailed and authoritative records of his reign are preserved in the Prayag Prashasti (Allahabad Pillar) inscription. According to Chinese writer Wang-Hiuen-Tse, he was a great conqueror and never lost a battle in his life. For this reason, he was given the title of 'Indian Napoleon' by V.A. Smith, a renowned Indologist and historian. He is known for the introduction of Dinars, which is officially the currency of many Middle-Eastern nations. In a period, when nomadism prevailed in most parts of the world, he even maintained a well-organized navy and his dominions were situated in Java, Sumatra and Malaya islands. His empire extended from the foothills of the Himalayas to the south where Cholas ruled. Inscriptions reveal about the enlightened character of the government because the taxes were light and punishments were also mild. A valiant ruler, who guarded India against invasions of Huns, assumed titles like Kaviraja (King of poets), Vikram (Prowess) and Sarva-raj-occhetta (Uprooter of all kings).

 

Sher Shah Suri:- The principal intention of most Turk and Afghan invaders, who came to India, was to spread Islam by military conquests and discourage the local traditions. Sher Shah Suri, the founder of the Sur Empire,however, stood apart as he introduced various ameliorations.He ascended the throne by defeating the omnipotent Mughal army in the battles of Chausa & Kannauj. He introduced a coin called 'Rupiah',which was the currency of over 25 nations in the past. He also fixed standard weights & measurements, long before the introduction of the Napoleonic code in Europe. One of the greatest achievements of Sher Shah was the creation of a systematized relationship between people and their ruler, with no corruption. He also enhanced communications by building several highways. The Grand Trunk Road, that runs from Calcutta to Peshawar, was extended on his orders. Being influenced by his reforms and administrations, Humayun, his greatest nemesis, called him 'Ustaad-e-Baadshah' which means 'the instructor of kings'. He abolished the zamindari system and was the first king in the history of the Indian subcontinent to provide rights to the peasants in a written form. He is known for building magnificent forts like Purana Quila, Rohtas Fort (UNESCO World Heritage site) and Sher Mandal. The greatest reformist of the medieval period, Sher Shah Suri, gave the world a lot in his brief reign of five years.

(This article has been sent by 2 people:- Pallakshi and Atharv, residents of United Arab Emirates)

INDIA FINALLY BECOMES ATMANIRBHAR - KNOW HOW?

INDIA FINALLY BECOMES ATMANIRBHAR 

If a person is self-reliant, it means that the person is not dependent on anybody for his success. Self-reliance brings a sense of confidence and self-esteem. We as citizens have to be self-reliant and contribute towards making our nation self-reliant. Our honourable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi has put forward a revolutionary vision of making India a self-reliant country and we must contribute towards achieving self-reliance of our country.

 India is from us and we are from India. It's we, the citizens of India who have to stand united in all grim situations and contribute in uplifting our country. India, the world's largest democracy, has been making palmary efforts towards achieving gender equality. The Indian Constitution is the most sacred document for all law, abiding all the citizens of India. Article 370 which gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir was a hindrance for its development and integration with the rest of India. But under the conspicuous leadership of our Prime Minister, this act was rescinded, thus giving Jammu and Kashmir a new shape and opened up opportunities for its development. At the time of Independence, India had just emerged out of the dark clouds of the British Rule and was dependent on many other countries for development. But now, India has grown several folds and is continuously heading towards achieving the goal of self-reliance under the leadership of our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi. Today, India is rising, setting its example in all fields, before the entire world. This holy land of Mother India has always been renowned for setting examples of bravery and excellence.Today we have everything from pistols and guns to tanks and fighter jets, from artillery guns to missiles, made in India. India has made a great jump in fields of production such as automobile, aviation and biotechnology. All these events manifest that India is becoming self-reliant in the defence corridors. 

Following the vision of creating an Atmanirbhar Bharat, we are aiming to achieve self-reliance without depending on countries like China. We need more innovators to strengthen the economy of our country. We know that innovation takes birth when there is unity in diversity. So, we need to embrace our diversity and overcome this challenge as a united India. India is a united country with all aspects like Gender, Religion, Caste or Class, Ethnic etc. All the languages and religions rest at the same level before the constitution. Innovation thrives only when there is an openness among the diverse population. If we have a diverse population, we can get ideas from numerous backgrounds with different perspectives and when there are ideas from numerous perspectives, this ultimately leads to innovation & the creation of a new and better world. Under the governance of PM Narendra Modi, India now produces approximately 2.06 lakh Personal Protection (PPE) kits every day, not only for domestic use but also for exports. India is a country which is continuously growing and developing. One of the most significant drivers in this is the children of our country. The major campaigns that children can effectively support include anti-corruption, go green and rural initiative. Today, India's TIRANGA is waving and dispersing its immense prosperity and diversity, from the Moon to Mt. Everest, from Rafael to Chinook Helicopters and from IITs to AIIMS, in the entire world. We, the Indians are proud of our nationality and we respect our motherland. Over the past centuries, the world has faced a lot of malaise but it was Indian meliorism which drew the world out of the dilemma and we'll definitely knock Corona down this time too. The only prerequisites are courage and a strong will, which we are full of. So, with a firm belief in ourselves and with prowess in hard work, we could uplift the world from this anomaly.

(P.S: This article has been sent by Arpit Mishra, a resident of Kanpur.)

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PROBLEMS OF YOUTH IN INDIA

Do you know almost half the Indian population is under 25! We are an amazingly young country. In the age group of 10 to 19 there are almost 241 million people, completing their school education and ready to go for higher education. This is amazing because it is happening when rest of the world is getting aged. As per International Labor Organization (ILO), by 2020 the average age of Japan would be 47, China crossing 40 Europe and America also crossing 40 but in India it would be 29. So we are young country ready to accept challenges and transform the world. We in India have the people but do we have the ability to equip the people to take advantage of it? Education in India is not only social or economic issue it is becoming a national security issue. One of the problems which youth are facing today is unemployment. Well the government has tried to educate the kids and put them into the system at an early age. The RTE- right to education-- when the kids were out of education in old age it was parent's fault but now it is the state’s fault. Education has to be expanded far and wide. Today almost 66% women in India are educated much better than what it was in 1947 just 8.1 %. But still one out of every three women is not educated. India has a pool of young talented people who are making the country proud in different fields. The contribution of the Indian youth in the field of Information Technology is known to all. The medals won by young Indians for different sports also highlights how talented they are.

We need to teach youth to do something what others haven't done before. This was what we were doing in past. Don't forget we are standing in a land that invented zero. The Romans used to write the numerals in long string of letters but Indians thought of the idea of zero which transformed the Global mathematics so kids should not only have their heads full of facts and textbook materials but they actually need to know how we can utilize this knowledge. Youth are the hope of tomorrow. They are one of the most energetic segments of the nation and thus there are high hopes from them. With the right mindset and ability the youth can contribute towards the development of the nation and take it forward. In a nutshell, the youth requires a lot of opportunities, vocational trainings, practical knowledge and then most importantly, employment.

Communism and its Impacts in India

Communism is considered to be the most inspiring origination of human history because it advocates the transfer of power from autocratic monarch to poor factory workers. Having originated in Russia during the Russian Revolution, communism has spread far and wide in its history of about 100 years. After Russia (former USSR), the countries like Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic and Republic of Slovakia) and East Germany too adopted communism. In India, communism came from the Maoist country, China, where its rule was installed by Mao Zedong, first President of People's Republic of China. It was established in 1925 in India in the erstwhile industrial capital, Cawnpore by the name of Communist Party of India. The aims of communists were simple and pact . The came up with an idea that workers must not be exploited and so they wanted the govt. to give the fundamental right of forming associations. The goal of communism is to create a better society, a society which we call stateless, classless society.  The CPI was successful in making the govt. in Kerala under the leadership of P.B. Naamboodir. Jyoti Basu, another communist leader was CM of West Bengal for 5 times. Many communist parties have been forming since independence like CPI(Marxist) CPI(Leninist) and many more with the same supreme aim of doing something for the poor and worker society. We regard Vladimir lllich Lenin to be the father of Communism as he turned the capitalist society into a communist one. The aims, however have not been fullfilled by the communists in India. They came up saying that they would end the poverty, give workers fundamental rights but the practical condition seems they were in the taste of just forming the govt. Communism arguably was the most influential social experiment in history, but also the most flawed and its failure to change the world permanently will always remain significant in history. Communism is a system of social organisation which formerly consumed almost a third of countries in the entire world. Having originated in Russia during the Russian Revolution, communism has spread far and wide in its history of about 100 years. After russia, the countries of Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia and East Germany too adopted communism. In India, communism came from the Marxist country, China. It was established in 1925 in India in the erstwhile industrial capital, Cawnpore by the name of Communist Party of India. The aims of communists were simple and pact . The came up with an idea that workers must not be exploited and so they wanted the govt. to give the fundamental right of forming associations. The goal of communism was to create a stateless, classless society. Communist thinkers believed that this can happen if the people take away the power of the bourgeoisie (the ruling class, who own the means of production) and establish worker control of the means of production. The CPI was successful in making the govt. in Kerala under the leadership of P.B. Naamboodir. Jyoti Basu, another communist leader was CM of West Bengal for 5 times. Many communist parties have been forming since independence like CPI(Marxist) CPI(Leninist) and many more with the same supreme aim of doing something for the poor and worker society. We regard Vladimir lllich Lenin to be the father of Communism as he turned the capitalist society into a communist one. The aims, however have not been fullfilled by the communists in India. They came up saying that they would end the poverty, give workers fundamental rights but the practical condition seems they were in the taste of just forming the govt. Communism arguably was the most influential social experiment in history, but also the most flawed and its failure to change the world permanently will always remain significant in history. Communism is a system of social organisation which formerly consumed almost a third of countries in the entire world. Having originated in Russia during the Russian Revolution, communism has spread far and wide in its history of about 100 years. After russia, the countries of Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia and East Germany too adopted communism. In India, communism came from the Marxist country, China. It was established in 1925 in India in the erstwhile industrial capital, Cawnpore by the name of Communist Party of India. The aims of communists were simple and pact . The came up with an idea that workers must not be exploited and so they wanted the govt. to give the fundamental right of forming associations. The goal of communism was to create a stateless, classless society. Communist thinkers believed that this can happen if the people take away the power of the bourgeoisie (the ruling class, who own the means of production) and establish worker control of the means of production. The CPI was successful in making the govt. in Kerala under the leadership of P.B. Naamboodiripad. Jyoti Basu, another communist leader was CM of West Bengal for 5 times. Many communist parties have been forming since independence like CPI(Marxist) CPI(Leninist) and many more with the same supreme aim of doing something for the poor and worker society. We regard Vladimir Illich Lenin to be the father of Communism as he turned the capitalist society into a communist one. The aims, however have not been fullfilled by the communists in India. They came up saying that they would end the poverty, give workers fundamental rights but the practical condition seems they were in the taste of just forming the govt. Communism arguably was the most influential social experiment in history, but also the most flawed and its failure to change the world permanently will always remain significant in history. 

OUR GLORIOUS PAST (INDIA)

                                  OUR GLORIOUS PAST

Most chroniclers born in the utopian society believe that France and the USA were the first countries to mature into a nation-state followed by some European nations like Italy and Germany. These historians have also credited the oppressive colonial powers in India to be the creators of modern society as well as the nation-state. This is however not true. India was a nation-state from time eternal. The regular invasions from the Afghan and Turk rulers in the medieval period had undone the years of development and destroyed unity amongst Indians in the Indian subcontinent.

Indians have been the promoter of peace and is one of the few historic nations who had never invaded or colonized a country. Religions like Buddhism and Jainism that later spread in most Asian nations like Korea, China, Thailand and Myanmar got significance just because they promoted peace. The inferior colonial powers that adopted the policy of ‘Divide and Rule’ and dismantled the culture, as well as unity, integrity and sovereignty of India, were overthrown following the path of non-violence. Right from the time when the nomadism was an essential feature of human life, Indians had been doing researches in fields of medicine, biology, literature and mathematics. Sushruta was the first person to perform the surgery and his works are mentioned in Rig Veda. In 1968, an Indian, Hargobind Khorana won the prestigious Nobel prize for construction of first synthetic gene and its research on nucleic acids. The 2 great epics of all time- Mahabharata and Ramayana span over entire India and mention about the Mahajanapadas, which were identical with those found later in Anguttara Nikaya. Indian culture has inspired many architects around the world. The rock cult caves, the Shore Temple, the Taj Mahal are some memorable examples of Indian culture. In India, the history of education began in places like the Nalanda and Takshashila University long before the K-12 education system was introduced in Massachusetts. The compiled works of Chanakya, Aryabhatta and Varah Mira forms the basis of modern physics and economics. Traces of Quantum Physics and Nuclear fission, which had been a question of debate for scientists for centuries, are found in the Vedas.

To unite Indians constitutionally and spread a sense of nationalism, people in India were not given dual citizenship, one of a nation and other of the territory, to which they belong, as it is done in most federations like the USA.  It would not be wrong if it is said that India is a nation comprising of several other nations. Each state in India has its unique heritage and people differ in language, food and culture. Yet each person is an Indian before he is a Hindu or Muslim, a Bengali or Gujarati, and his heart beats for the integrity of this great nation.